Graphic Images
Bitmap verses vector
There are two main types of graphical images- Bitmap and Vector. A Bitmap (.bmp) is constructed out of many different blocks of colours, also known as pixels. The computer has to store information about every single pixel, which often results in the Bitmap file size being rather large. A bitmap is created when either a photograph or scanning in something onto the PC. A Vector is created by graphical packages out of shapes. A Vector graphic (.svp) has usually quite a small file size. They do not lose quality when zoomed in, as they are scalable.
There are two main types of graphical images- Bitmap and Vector. A Bitmap (.bmp) is constructed out of many different blocks of colours, also known as pixels. The computer has to store information about every single pixel, which often results in the Bitmap file size being rather large. A bitmap is created when either a photograph or scanning in something onto the PC. A Vector is created by graphical packages out of shapes. A Vector graphic (.svp) has usually quite a small file size. They do not lose quality when zoomed in, as they are scalable.
Lossy and lossless images
Lossy compression removes unnecessary information from the image in order to make the file size smaller; this therefore reduces the size of the file. However, once a file has been compressed, there is no way of getting the original file back. This is usually used when working with video and/or sound.
Lossless compression breaks the file into a smaller form in order to put it back together again. It will not remove any of the original files. It will recreate the file identically, except it will compress the file down in order to make it of a smaller file size. This is usually used when working with text or spreadsheet files.
Lossy compression removes unnecessary information from the image in order to make the file size smaller; this therefore reduces the size of the file. However, once a file has been compressed, there is no way of getting the original file back. This is usually used when working with video and/or sound.
Lossless compression breaks the file into a smaller form in order to put it back together again. It will not remove any of the original files. It will recreate the file identically, except it will compress the file down in order to make it of a smaller file size. This is usually used when working with text or spreadsheet files.
Colour models
Dots per inch
This is the measurement of how many dots that will fit into linear inch, not square inch. This is used to measure the resolution of an image, whether it is printed out or on a computer screen. On a computer, dpi is usually used to measure how sharp the display on the screen is. The DPI can vary depending on the size of the screen. When printing, DPI is the measurement of how many ink dots a printer can place within a square inch. Printers with low DPI may form jagged lined and pixelated, low quality images.
This is the measurement of how many dots that will fit into linear inch, not square inch. This is used to measure the resolution of an image, whether it is printed out or on a computer screen. On a computer, dpi is usually used to measure how sharp the display on the screen is. The DPI can vary depending on the size of the screen. When printing, DPI is the measurement of how many ink dots a printer can place within a square inch. Printers with low DPI may form jagged lined and pixelated, low quality images.
File Formats
File Conversion
This is converting a file from one type of format to another. This can be changing the file format of a file, making a document compatible with an older/newer version of the software or upgrading software. Each computer operates in a different way so therefore; the file needs to be converted in order to be used with different software and operating systems so they can run efficiently on other systems other than the one it was originally created on. Converting files makes them much more accessible to people who may not run the right software or operating system that is compatible with the file. When saving files using programs such as Word, there is the option to save the file in different formats such PDF or Web Pages or just to save the file for different versions of Word that may not be able to open the file as it is. Video and Sound files can also be converted, this is usually a common problem when having to play files created by Apple onto a PC such as Windows and has to be converted to files such as MP4 and MP3 in order for Windows to recognise and play them. Software can be installed or there are websites available online that will convert files in order for users to use/play them.
This is converting a file from one type of format to another. This can be changing the file format of a file, making a document compatible with an older/newer version of the software or upgrading software. Each computer operates in a different way so therefore; the file needs to be converted in order to be used with different software and operating systems so they can run efficiently on other systems other than the one it was originally created on. Converting files makes them much more accessible to people who may not run the right software or operating system that is compatible with the file. When saving files using programs such as Word, there is the option to save the file in different formats such PDF or Web Pages or just to save the file for different versions of Word that may not be able to open the file as it is. Video and Sound files can also be converted, this is usually a common problem when having to play files created by Apple onto a PC such as Windows and has to be converted to files such as MP4 and MP3 in order for Windows to recognise and play them. Software can be installed or there are websites available online that will convert files in order for users to use/play them.
File Size
Measured usually in Bytes, this is a measurement of a computer’s file on the computer system. The computer system will usually have a limit as to how many bytes it can hold. Files with larger file sizes will typically take more room on the disk drive and can result in being slow to load and use as well as generally slowing down how fast the computer will be able to process. By working with large file sizes, the computer must be able to handle working with these while maintaining an efficient loading speed. By making file sizes smaller, it means that computers can handle the sizes better and therefore be able to work quicker with them. However, by reducing the file size in some situations can lower the quality of the photo by dropping pixels and using fewer colours making the image less detailed and sharp.
Measured usually in Bytes, this is a measurement of a computer’s file on the computer system. The computer system will usually have a limit as to how many bytes it can hold. Files with larger file sizes will typically take more room on the disk drive and can result in being slow to load and use as well as generally slowing down how fast the computer will be able to process. By working with large file sizes, the computer must be able to handle working with these while maintaining an efficient loading speed. By making file sizes smaller, it means that computers can handle the sizes better and therefore be able to work quicker with them. However, by reducing the file size in some situations can lower the quality of the photo by dropping pixels and using fewer colours making the image less detailed and sharp.
TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)
File extension is either .tiff or .tif. It’s a common file format for images, especially professional photographs because they can store larger, high-quality images. It’s a file format that is used mostly among graphic designers, artists, professional photographers and in the publishing industry due to it being able to have an 8-bit or 16-bit depth. It can also store multi-layers in a single TIFF file. It is compatible file format with both Windows and Mac meaning there is no need to convert any files to be compatible on these two operating systems. Many cameras have the option to create TIFF files though however, this takes up a lot more space then a JPEG file would
File extension is either .tiff or .tif. It’s a common file format for images, especially professional photographs because they can store larger, high-quality images. It’s a file format that is used mostly among graphic designers, artists, professional photographers and in the publishing industry due to it being able to have an 8-bit or 16-bit depth. It can also store multi-layers in a single TIFF file. It is compatible file format with both Windows and Mac meaning there is no need to convert any files to be compatible on these two operating systems. Many cameras have the option to create TIFF files though however, this takes up a lot more space then a JPEG file would
PDF (Portable Document Format)
An image or images captured of all a document’s features. It is a creation by Adobe who also supplies a free Adobe Reader to all users in order to view PDF files. PDF Files are built using Abobe product Adobe Acrobat. This PDF image can be navigated around by zooming and scrolling. It can also be emailed and printed out to users. It may also allow you to highlight and annotate the document. PDF files are useful for online versions of manuals and textbooks as they can be downloaded easily and contain many pages, by having it PDF format it means they are all together and aren’t all separate images.
An image or images captured of all a document’s features. It is a creation by Adobe who also supplies a free Adobe Reader to all users in order to view PDF files. PDF Files are built using Abobe product Adobe Acrobat. This PDF image can be navigated around by zooming and scrolling. It can also be emailed and printed out to users. It may also allow you to highlight and annotate the document. PDF files are useful for online versions of manuals and textbooks as they can be downloaded easily and contain many pages, by having it PDF format it means they are all together and aren’t all separate images.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)
These are images that have been compressed to make the file size smaller but not reduce the quality of the image during this process. JPEG is often the file format used in digital cameras and other photo taking devices and is the most common file format that is used to upload images onto the internet.
These are images that have been compressed to make the file size smaller but not reduce the quality of the image during this process. JPEG is often the file format used in digital cameras and other photo taking devices and is the most common file format that is used to upload images onto the internet.
BMP (Bitmap)
A graphic that is made up out of pixels, each containing different bits of colour information. When a graphic is stored like this, it allows the image to be crisp and high-quality. BMP images are mostly used for printing out images whereas, JPEG and GIF images are used for images on the internet.
A graphic that is made up out of pixels, each containing different bits of colour information. When a graphic is stored like this, it allows the image to be crisp and high-quality. BMP images are mostly used for printing out images whereas, JPEG and GIF images are used for images on the internet.
PSD (Photoshop Document)
An Adobe Photoshop Document file that allows users to work in layers with the image unlike other image formats such as JPEG and TIFF where the layers cannot be edited. Once the Photoshop file has been saved to another format (e.g.JPEG) it cannot be converted back to a PSD so it’s important to save a PSD file along with the final format of the image incase of any mistake that need to be changed.
An Adobe Photoshop Document file that allows users to work in layers with the image unlike other image formats such as JPEG and TIFF where the layers cannot be edited. Once the Photoshop file has been saved to another format (e.g.JPEG) it cannot be converted back to a PSD so it’s important to save a PSD file along with the final format of the image incase of any mistake that need to be changed.
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
Used for presenting graphics and animations on websites. Animated GIFs tend to have a sequence that is looped so they do not stop though however, there are GIFs can also only loop through a few times before they stop. GIFs are limited to using 256 colours only which means they may appear to be lower quality than the average image. They have transparent backgrounds which means they blend into the background colour, though they cannot be partial transparent so therefore, the background must be transparent or filled. Once GIFs are made however, they cannot be edited once created so the creator will have to go through the whole process of re-creating the GIF if anything was wrong.
Used for presenting graphics and animations on websites. Animated GIFs tend to have a sequence that is looped so they do not stop though however, there are GIFs can also only loop through a few times before they stop. GIFs are limited to using 256 colours only which means they may appear to be lower quality than the average image. They have transparent backgrounds which means they blend into the background colour, though they cannot be partial transparent so therefore, the background must be transparent or filled. Once GIFs are made however, they cannot be edited once created so the creator will have to go through the whole process of re-creating the GIF if anything was wrong.
File Management
In order to be able to use images and files efficiently, all files and folders must be organised and named with appropriate names. This is so that the user will be aware as to where to find their files and folders that they are working with. If these files were unorganized and not named with appropriate names, it would be virtually impossible to find out where the files that need to be used are. Most Operating Systems offer the main folders ‘Documents, Photos, Music and Video’ this will typically be sorted by their file formats (Documents .doc, Music .MP3, Photos .jpg, Video .mp4) and then have extension files within them depending on what the files are used for.
Compression Techniques
Compression reduces the size of file size in order to save room on the computer’s disk. Files can be compressed by using the two compression techniques lossy and lossless. Image file sizes can be made smaller by reducing the size of the photo and therefore reduce the amount of time it takes for the image to load. Compression techniques may be used on web pages containing image and video in order for the page to load quicker and run faster.
Sources
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